Prince of Wales (Welsh Welsh is a member of the Brythonic branch of the Celtic languages spoken natively in Wales, in England by some along the Welsh border, in the Welsh immigrant colony in the Chubut Valley in Argentine Patagonia, and the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand: Tywysog Cymru) is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent Today these terms most commonly describe heirs to hereditary titles, particularly monarchies. They are also used metaphorically to indicate an "anointed" successor to any position of power, e.g., a political or corporate leader to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland[note 7] is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land (and formerly the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927. It was formed by the merger of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland, with Ireland being governed directly from Westminster through its Dublin Castle administration, before that the Kingdom of Great Britain The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a sovereign state in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1801. It was created by the merger of the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England, under the Acts of Union 1707, to create a single kingdom encompassing the whole of the island of Great and before that the Kingdom of England The Kingdom of England was, from 927 to 1707, a sovereign state to the northwest of continental Europe. At its height, the Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and several smaller outlying islands; what today comprises the legal jurisdiction of England and Wales. It had a land border with the Kingdom of) and the fifteen other independent Commonwealth realms A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state within the Commonwealth of Nations that has Elizabeth II as its monarch. The sixteen current realms have a combined land area of 18.8 million km² , and a population of 134 million; all but about two million live in the six most populous states, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Papua New Guinea, New in personal union A personal union is the combination by which two or more different states are governed by the same monarch while their boundaries, their laws and their interests remain distinct. It should not be confused with a federation which is internationally considered a single state. Nor is it to be confused with dynastic union, where the union can be under with the Crown of the United Kingdom The monarchy of the United Kingdom is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories. The present monarch, Elizabeth II, has reigned since 6 February 1952. She and her immediate family undertake various official, ceremonial and representational duties. As a constitutional monarch, the Queen is limited to non-. The current Prince of Wales is Prince Charles The Prince Charles, Prince of Wales is the eldest child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Since 1952, he has been heir apparent to the thrones of the Commonwealth realms. After earning a bachelor of arts from Trinity College, Cambridge, Charles served a tour of duty with Royal Navy in 1971-1976. He married Lady Diana, the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II Elizabeth II is the queen regnant of 16 independent sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms, listed here in order of length of possession by the Crown: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,.

Contents

Roles and responsibilities

The Prince of Wales currently has no formal public role or responsibility that has been legislated by Parliament The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories. Parliament alone possesses legislative supremacy and thereby ultimate power over all other political bodies in the UK and its territories. At its head is the Sovereign, Queen Elizabeth or otherwise delegated by the Monarchy The monarchy of the United Kingdom is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories. The present monarch, Elizabeth II, has reigned since 6 February 1952. She and her immediate family undertake various official, ceremonial and representational duties. As a constitutional monarch, the Queen is limited to non-. Charles, as the Prince of Wales, is the present Duke of Cornwall, responsible for the duchy of Cornwall The Duchy of Cornwall is one of two Royal duchies in England, the other being the Duchy of Lancaster. The eldest son of the reigning British monarch inherits The Duchy and title of Duke of Cornwall at the time of his birth, or of his parent's succession to the Throne. The current Duke is Charles, Prince of Wales.

History

The full armorial achievement of Charles, Prince of Wales.

For most of the post-Roman The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean. The term is used to describe the Roman state during and after the time of the first emperor, Augustus period, Wales Wales ( /ˈweɪlz/ Welsh: Cymru; pronounced [ˈkəmrɨ] (help·info)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, bordered by England to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. Wales has a population estimated at three million and is officially bilingual; Welsh and English have equal status, and bilingual signs are the was divided into several smaller states. Before the Norman conquest of England The Norman conquest of England began in 1066 with the invasion of the Kingdom of England by the troops of William, Duke of Normandy, and his victory at the Battle of Hastings. This resulted in Norman control of England, which was firmly established during the next few years, the most powerful Welsh Bretons, Cornish, Manx, Scottish, Ulster-Scots, Irish ruler at any given time was generally known as King of the Britons. In the 12th century and the 13th century, this title evolved into Prince of Wales.[citation needed] In Latin Latin or sometimes Roman is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Although often considered a dead language, in view of the fact that it has no native, fluent speakers, Latin continues to be taught in schools and has been, and currently is, used in the process of new word production in modern languages from many, the new title was "Princeps Wallie", and in Welsh Welsh is a member of the Brythonic branch of the Celtic languages spoken natively in Wales, in England by some along the Welsh border, in the Welsh immigrant colony in the Chubut Valley in Argentine Patagonia, and the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand it was "Tywysog Cymru". The literal translation of "Tywysog" is "Leader". (The verb tywys means to lead, which shares a common root with the modern Irish for prime minister, the Taoiseach The Taoiseach , plural Taoisigh ([t̪ˠiːʃiː] or [t̪ˠiːʃəɟ]), also referred to as An Taoiseach ([ən t̪ˠiːʃəx]), is the head of government of Ireland.)

Only a handful of native princes had their claim to the overlordship of Wales recognised by the English Crown. The first known to have used such a title was Owain Gwynedd Owain Gwynedd (c. 1100–November 28, 1170), alternatively known by the patronymic "Owain ap Gruffydd". He is occasionally referred to as Owain I of Gwynedd, or Owain I of Wales on account of his claim to be King of Wales. He is considered to be the most successful of all the north Welsh princes prior to his grandson, Llywelyn the Great, adopting the title Prince of the Welsh around 1165 after earlier using 'rex Walie' (King of Wales). His grandson Llywelyn the Great Llywelyn the Great , full name Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, (c. 1173 – 11 April 1240) was a Prince of Gwynedd in north Wales and eventually de facto ruler over most of Wales. He is occasionally called Llywelyn I of Wales. By a combination of war and diplomacy he dominated Wales for forty years, and was one of only two Welsh rulers to be called 'the is not known to have used the title 'Prince of Wales' as such, although his use, from around 1230, of the style 'Prince of Aberffraw, Lord of Snowdon' was tantamount to a proclamation of authority over most of Wales, and he did use the title 'Prince of North Wales' as did his predecessor Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd. In 1240, the title was theoretically inherited by his son Dafydd ap Llywelyn, though he is not known to have used it. Instead he styled himself as 'Prince of Wales' around 1244, the first Welsh prince to do so. In 1246, his nephew Llywelyn the Last Llywelyn ap Gruffydd or Llywelyn Ein Llyw Olaf —meaning Llywelyn, Our Last Leader—was the last prince of an independent Wales before its conquest by Edward I of England. He is sometimes called Llywelyn III of Gwynedd or Llywelyn II of Wales (or Llywelyn ap Gruffydd) succeeded to the throne of Gwynedd, and used the style as early as 1258. In 1267, with the signing of the Treaty of Montgomery By means of the Treaty of Montgomery , Llywelyn ap Gruffydd was acknowledged as Prince of Wales by the English king Henry III, the only time in history that an English ruler would recognise the right of a ruler of Gwynedd over Wales. Llywelyn's grandfather, Llywelyn the Great, had previously laid claim to be the effective prince of Wales by using, he was recognised by both King Henry III of England and the representative of the Papacy as Prince of Wales. In 1282, Llywelyn was killed during Edward I of England Edward I , also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English Barons. In 1259 he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the's invasion of Wales by Sir Anthony de Tipton who was knighted by the King of England afterwards for doing so, and although his brother Dafydd ap Gruffudd succeeded to the Welsh princeship, issuing documents as prince, his principate was not recognised by the English Crown.

Three Welshmen, however, claimed the title of Prince of Wales during the medieval era.

The first was Madog ap Llywelyn Madog ap Llywelyn, or Prince Madoc, was from a junior branch of the House of Cunedda, and a distant relation of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, the last recognised native Prince of Wales, a member of the house of Gwynedd, who led a nationwide revolt in 1294-5, defeating English forces in battle near Denbigh Denbigh is a market town and community in Denbighshire, Wales. Before 1888, it was county town of Denbighshire. Denbigh lies 8 miles to the north west of Ruthin and to the south of St Asaph. It is about 13 miles (20 km) from the seaside resort of Rhyl. The town grew around the glove-making industry. Its population at the 2001 Census was 8,783 and seizing Caernarfon castle Caernarfon Castle was constructed at Caernarfon in Gwynedd, north-west Wales, by King Edward I of England, following his conquest of Gwynedd in 1283. Caernarfon Castle is part of the World Heritage site 'Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd'. His revolt was suppressed, however, after the Battle of Maes Moydog in March 1295, and the prince imprisoned in London.

In the 1370s, Owain Lawgoch, an English-born descendant of one of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's brothers, claimed the title of Prince of Wales, but was assassinated in France in 1378 before he could return to Wales to claim his inheritance.

It is Owain Glyndŵr Owain Glyndŵr , or Owain Glyn Dŵr, anglicised by William Shakespeare as Owen Glendower and also sometimes styled Owain IV of Wales (c. 1354 or 1359 – c. 1416) by modern historians, was a Welsh ruler and the last native Welsh person to hold the title Prince of Wales. He instigated an ultimately unsuccessful but long-running revolt against, however, whom many Welsh people Bretons, Cornish, Manx, Scottish, Ulster-Scots, Irish regard as being the last native Prince. On September 16, 1400, he was proclaimed Prince of Wales by his supporters, and held parliaments at Harlech Castle and elsewhere during his revolt, which encompassed all of Wales. It was not until 1409 that his revolt in quest of Welsh independence was suppressed by Henry IV Henry IV was King of England and Lord of Ireland (1399–1413). He also asserted his grandfather's claim to the title King of France. He was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, hence the other name by which he was known, Henry (of) Bolingbroke (pronounced /ˈbɒlɪŋbrʊk/). His father, John of Gaunt, was the third son of Edward III, and.

The tradition of investing the heir of the monarch of Britain with the title of "Prince of Wales" is usually considered to have begun in 1301, when King Edward I of England Edward I , also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English Barons. In 1259 he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the, attempted with a largely Welsh army the conquest of Wales. His campaign did not conquer all of Wales but did exact fealty from some of the native Welsh Princes. He granted the title of Prince of Wales to his heir, Prince Edward (later King Edward II of England Edward II, called Edward of Carnarvon, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. He was the seventh Plantagenet king, in a line that began with the reign of Henry II. Interspersed between the strong reigns of his father Edward I and son Edward III, the reign of Edward II was disastrous for England, marked by incompetence,). According to legend, the king had promised the Welsh that in return for their fealty he would name "a prince born in Wales, who did not speak a word of English English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into South-East Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria. Following the economic, political, military, scientific, cultural, and colonial influence of Great Britain and the United Kingdom from the 18th century, and of" and then produced his infant son to their surprise (and presumable chagrin Chagrin is used to explain strong feelings of annoyance or displeasure, sometimes mixed with embarrassment. In French, it means sorrow. In Dutch, a "chagrijn" is a person who is grumpy, unsatisfied). However, the story may well be apocryphal The term apocrypha is used with various meanings, including "hidden", "esoteric", "spurious", "of questionable authenticity", and "Christian texts that are not canonical", as it can only be traced to the 16th century, and, in the time of Edward I, the English aristocracy spoke Norman French Norman is a Romance language and one of the Oïl languages. Norman can be classified in the northern Oïl languages with Picard and Walloon. The name Norman-French is sometimes used to describe not only the modern Norman language, but also the administrative languages of Anglo-Norman and Law French used in England, not English (some versions of the legend include lack of knowledge in both languages as a requirement, and one reported version has the very specific phrase "born on Welsh soil and speaking no other language"). However, Edward II certainly was born at Caernarfon Caernarfon is a royal town in Gwynedd, northwest Wales while his father was campaigning in Wales, and like all infants, could not at the time speak English or any other language.

Interestingly, William Camden William Camden was an English antiquarian, historian, and officer of arms. He wrote the first topographical survey of the islands of Great Britain and Ireland and the first detailed historical account of the reign of Elizabeth I of England writing in 1607 states in his book Britannia that originally the title "Prince of Wales" was not conferred automatically upon the eldest living son of the King of England because Edward II (who had been the first English prince of Wales) neglected to invest his eldest son, the future Edward III, with that title. It was Edward III who revived the practice of naming the eldest son Prince of Wales which was then maintained by his successors:

But King Edward the Second conferred not upon his sonne Edward the title of Prince of Wales, but onely the name of Earle of Chester and of Flint, so farre as ever I could learne out of the Records, and by that title summoned him to Parliament, being then nine yeres old. King Edward the Third first created his eldest sonne Edward surnamed the Blacke Prince, the Mirour of Chivalrie (being then Duke of Cornwall and Earle of Chester), Prince of Wales by solemne investure, with a cap of estate and Coronet set on his head, a gold ring put upon his finger, and a silver vierge delivered into his hand, with the assent of Parliament.[1]

Nevertheless, according to conventional wisdom since 1301 the Prince of Wales has usually been the eldest living son of the King or Queen Regnant of England (subsequently of Great Britain, 1707, and of the United Kingdom, 1801). The word "living" is important. Following the death of Prince Arthur, the Prince of Wales, Henry VII invested his second son, the future Henry VIII, with the title--although only after it was clear that Arthur's wife, Catherine of Aragon Catherine of Aragon (16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536), also known as Katherine or Katharine, was Queen of England as the first wife of King Henry VIII of England and Princess of Wales as the wife to Arthur, Prince of Wales. In 1507, she also held the position of Ambassador for the Spanish Court in England when her father found himself without, was not pregnant. The title is not automatic; it merges into the Crown when a prince accedes to the throne, or lapses on his death leaving the sovereign free to re-grant it should another candidate qualify, such as an heir-apparent other than the eldest living son, such as that deceased eldest son's eldest son (for example, George III George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. He was concurrently Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and prince-elector of Hanover in the Holy Roman Empire until his).

The Principality of Wales, nowadays, is always conferred along with the Earldom of Chester Chester is a city in Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 77,040 inhabitants, and is the largest and most populous settlement of the wider unitary authority area of Cheshire West and Chester, which had a population of 328,100 according to the 2001 Census. Chester was granted city status in 1541. The convention began in 1399; all previous Princes of Wales also received the earldom, but separately from the Principality. Indeed, before 1272 a hereditary and not necessarily royal Earldom of Chester had already been created several times, eventually merging in the crown each time. The earldom was recreated, merging in the Crown in 1307 and again in 1327. Its creations since have been associated with the creations of the Principality of Wales.

Heraldic insignia

The "Prince of Wales's Feathers". This Heraldic badge In heraldry, a badge is an emblem or personal device used to indicate allegiance to or property of an individual or family of the Heir Apparent is derived from the ostrich The ostrich, Struthio camelus, is a large flightless bird native to Africa. It is the only living species of its family, Struthionidae and its genus, Struthio. Ostriches share the order Struthioniformes with the kiwis, emus, and other ratites. It is distinctive in its appearance, with a long neck and legs and the ability to run at maximum speeds feathers borne by Edward, the Black Prince. The German German (Deutsch, [ˈdɔʏtʃ] ) is a West Germanic language, thus related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. It is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. Globally, German is spoken by approximately 120 million native speakers and also by about 80 million non-native speakers motto A motto is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group or organization. A motto may be in any language, but Latin is the most used. The local language is usual in the mottos of governments "Ich dien" means "I serve."

As heir apparent Today these terms most commonly describe heirs to hereditary titles, particularly monarchies. They are also used metaphorically to indicate an "anointed" successor to any position of power, e.g., a political or corporate leader to the reigning sovereign, the Prince of Wales bears the Royal Arms The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom is the official coat of arms of the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. These arms are used by the Queen in her official capacity as monarch of the United Kingdom, and are officially known as her Arms of Dominion. Variants of the Royal Arms are used by other members of the Royal Family; and differenced In heraldry, cadency is any systematic way of distinguishing similar coats of arms belonging to members of the same family. Cadency is necessary in heraldic systems in which a given design may be owned by only one person at once. Because heraldic designs may be inherited, the arms of members of a family will usually be similar to the arms used by by a white label of three points. To represent Wales he bears the Coat of Arms of the Principality of Wales, crowned with the heir-apparent's crown, on an inescutcheon-en-surtout. This was first used by the future King Edward VIII in 1910, and followed by the current Prince of Wales, Prince Charles.[1]

He has a badge of three ostrich feathers (which can be seen on the reverse of the previous design for decimal British two pence coins dated up to 2008); it dates back to the Black Prince and is his as the English heir even before he is made Prince of Wales.

In addition to these symbols used most frequently, he has a special standard for use in Wales itself. Moreover, as Duke of Rothesay he has a special coat of arms for use in Scotland (and a corresponding standard); as Duke of Cornwall the like for use in the Duchy of Cornwall. Representations of all three may be found at List of British flags.

For theories about the origin of the ostrich feather badge and of the motto "Ich dien" (German: "I serve"), see Prince of Wales's feathers.

Other titles and investiture

The Principality of Wales and Earldom of Chester must be created, and are not automatically acquired like the Duchy of Cornwall, which is the Heir Apparent's title in England, and the Dukedom of Rothesay, Earldom of Carrick, and High Stewardship of Scotland, which are the Heir Apparent's titles in Scotland. The dignities are not hereditary, but may be re-created if the Prince of Wales predeceases the King. For example, when Prince Frederick, Prince of Wales predeceased King George II, his eldest son, Prince George (the future George III) was created Prince of Wales. The heir apparent is only Duke of Cornwall if he is the sovereign's eldest living son; hence the future George III, grandson of George II, did not receive this title. See Duke of Cornwall for more details.

If holder of the Dukedom of York, the traditional title for the monarch's second son, becomes Heir Apparent on the death of an older brother, he is entitled to retain that title. Prince Henry (later Henry VIII), Prince Charles (later Charles I) and Prince George (later George V) were all second sons, and were therefore already Duke of York when they received the Principality of Wales.

Following the reversion of the Earldom of Chester to the crown, in 1254 Henry III passed the Lordship of Chester (but not the title of Earl) to his son Edward, who as Edward I bestowed the Earldom of Chester on his son Edward when he created him the first Prince of Wales in 1301. The Duchy of Cornwall was first created by Edward III for his son Edward, the Black Prince in 1337.

The Earldom of Carrick merged into the crown of Scotland with the accession in 1306 of the Earl of Carrick, Robert the Bruce, who transferred the title to his son David in 1328 (the title became automatically subsidiary to the Dukedom of Rothesay in 1469); the High Stewardship merged into the crown with the accession of Robert, 7th High Steward of Scotland as Robert III in 1371; the Dukedom of Rothesay was created by Robert III of Scotland for his son David in 1398. All three of these titles merged with the Principality in the same person after the personal union of the Scottish and English crowns in 1603 with the accession of James VI of Scotland as James I of England, with the first Prince of Wales to receive them being his son Henry Frederick (subsequently an incorporating union created a single British crown in 1707).

Princes of Wales may be invested, but investiture is not necessary to be created Prince of Wales. Peers were also invested, but investitures for peers ceased in 1621, during a time when peerages were being created so frequently that the investiture ceremony became cumbersome. Most investitures for Princes of Wales were held in front of Parliament, but in 1911, the future Edward VIII was invested in Caernarvon Castle in Wales. The present Prince of Wales was also invested there, in 1969. During the reading of the letters patent creating the Prince, the Honours of the Principality of Wales are delivered to the Prince. The coronet of the heir-apparent bears four-crosses pattée alternating with four fleurs-de-lis, surmounted by a single arch (the Sovereign's crowns are of the same design, but use two arches). A gold rod is also used in the insignia; gold rods were formally used in the investitures of dukes, but survive now in the investitures of Princes of Wales only. Also part of the insignia are a ring, a sword and a robe.

"Heir Apparent" vs. "Heir Presumptive"

The title Prince of Wales is given only to the heir apparent — that is, somebody who cannot be displaced in the succession to the throne by any future birth. In countries that practice male primogeniture, this is usually the eldest son of the reigning monarch, or, if he is deceased, his eldest son, and so on, or if the monarch's eldest son has died without issue, the monarch's second eldest son, etc.

A daughter or sibling of the sovereign who is currently next in line to the throne is not the "heir apparent" because they would be displaced in the succession by any future legitimate son of the sovereign: they are instead the "heir or heiress presumptive" and cannot therefore take the title of Prince (or Princess) of Wales in their own right. Hence there was no heir apparent during the reign of George VI, who had no sons: Princess Elizabeth was heiress presumptive, and was hence not eligible to be titled Princess of Wales. After it became obvious that George VI was unlikely to father more children, the option of bestowing the title of Princess of Wales was considered (but ultimately rejected, due in large part to a lack of enthusiasm for the idea from the heiress presumptive herself).

It is not impossible for the heir apparent to be female - for example, if a reigning monarch's eldest son with daughters but no sons were to then predecease the monarch then the deceased heir apparent's eldest daughter would become heir apparent. There does not appear to be any impediment to a female heir apparent being made Princess of Wales in her own right, but such a situation has never occurred in practice.

List of Princes of Wales

Prince of Wales as independent title

Picture Name Heir of Birth Became Prince of Wales Ceased to be Prince of Wales Death Other titles while Prince of Wales Princess of Wales
Dafydd ap Llywelyn son of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth c.1215 April 11, 1240; first documented use in 1244 February 25, 1246 - Isabella de Braose
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd N/A son of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn c.1223 Used from 1258; recognised by Henry III September 29, 1267 December 11, 1282 killed in battle Lord of Snowdon Eleanor de Montfort
Dafydd ap Gruffudd brother of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd c.1238 December 11, 1282 October 3, 1283 executed at Shrewsbury Lord of Snowdon Elizabeth Ferrers

Prince of Wales as title of English Heir-apparent

Picture Name Heir of Birth Became Heir to the Throne Created Prince of Wales Ceased to be Prince of Wales Death Other titles while Prince of Wales Princess of Wales
Edward of Carnarvon later Edward II Edward I April 25, 1284 August 19, 1284 February 7, 1301 7 July 1307 became King September 21, 1327 Count of Ponthieu, Earl of Chester –
Edward of Woodstock, the Black Prince Edward III June 15, 1330 May 12, 1343[2] June 8, 1376 Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall Joan of Kent
Richard of Bordeaux later Richard II January 6, 1367 June 8, 1376 November 20, 1376[2] June 22, 1377 became King February 14, 1400 Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester –
Henry of Monmouth later Henry V Henry IV September 16, 1387 September 30, 1399 October 15, 1399[2] March 21, 1413 became King August 31, 1422 Duke of Lancaster, Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester –
Edward of Westminster Henry VI October 13, 1453 March 15, 1454[2] April 11, 1471 Father deposed May 4, 1471 Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester Anne Neville
Edward of the Sanctuary later Edward V Edward IV November 4, 1470 April 11, 1471 June 26, 1471[2] April 9, 1483 became King 1483? Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester –
Edward of Middleham Richard III 1473 1483 August 24, 1483[2] April 9, 1484 Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester, Earl of Salisbury –
Arthur Tudor Henry VII September 20, 1486 November 29, 1489 April 2, 1502 Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester Catherine of Aragon
Henry Tudor later Henry VIII June 28, 1491 April 2, 1502 February 18, 1504[2] April 22, 1509 became King January 28, 1547 Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester, Duke of York –
Edward Tudor later Edward VI Henry VIII October 12, 1537 1537 January 28, 1547 became King July 6, 1553 Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester –
Henry Frederick Stuart James I February 19, 1594 March 24, 1603 June 4, 1610[2] November 6, 1612 Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Chester, Earl of Carrick, Baron Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland –
Charles Stuart later Charles I November 19, 1600 November 6, 1612 November 4, 1616[2] March 27, 1625 became King January 30, 1649 Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Duke of York, Duke of Albany, Marquess of Ormonde, Earl of Chester, Earl of Carrick, Earl of Ross, Lord Ardmannoch, Baron Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland –
Charles Stuart later Charles II Charles I May 29, 1630 declared c. 1638-1641[2] January 30, 1649 title abolished (became King 1660) February 6, 1685 Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Chester, Earl of Carrick, Baron Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland –
James Francis Edward Stuart James II June 10, 1688 c. July 4, 1688[2] December 11, 1688 Father deposed January 1, 1766 Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Chester, Earl of Carrick, Baron Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland –
George Augustus later George II George I November 10, 1683 August 1, 1714 September 27, 1714 June 11, 1727 became King October 25, 1760 Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Chester, Earl of Carrick, Earl of Milford Haven, Viscount Northallerton, Baron Renfrew, Baron Tewkesbury, Lord of the Isles, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland Caroline of Ansbach
Frederick Louis George II February 1, 1707 June 11, 1727 January 8, 1729[2] March 31, 1751 Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Duke of Edinburgh, Marquess of the Isle of Ely, Earl of Chester, Earl of Carrick, Earl of Eltham, Viscount Launceston, Baron Renfrew, Baron Snowdon, Lord of the Isles, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
George William Frederick later George III June 4, 1738 March 31, 1751 April 20, 1751 October 25, 1760 became King January 29, 1820 Duke of Edinburgh, Marquess of the Isle of Ely, Earl of Chester, Earl of Eltham, Viscount Launceston, Baron Snowdon –
George Augustus Frederick later George IV George III August 12, 1762 August 19, 1762[2] January 29, 1820 became King June 26, 1830 Prince Regent, Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Chester, Earl of Carrick, Baron Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland Caroline of Brunswick
Albert Edward later Edward VII Victoria November 9, 1841 December 8, 1841 January 22, 1901 became King May 6, 1910 Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Chester, Earl of Carrick, Earl of Dublin, Baron Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland Alexandra of Denmark
George later George V Edward VII June 3, 1865 January 22, 1901 November 9, 1901 May 6, 1910 became King January 20, 1936 Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Duke of York, Earl of Chester, Earl of Carrick, Earl of Inverness, Baron Renfrew, Baron Killarney, Lord of the Isles, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland Mary of Teck
Edward later Edward VIII and then Duke of Windsor George V June 23, 1894 May 6, 1910 June 23, 1910 January 20, 1936 became King May 28, 1972 Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Chester, Earl of Carrick, Baron Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland –
Charles Elizabeth II November 14, 1948 February 6, 1952 July 26, 1958 Incumbent Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Chester, Earl of Carrick, Baron Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland Lady Diana Spencer; Camilla Shand (latter does not use title "Princess of Wales")

References

  1. ^ britishflags.net- Prince of Wales
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Prince of Wales - Previous Princes

See also

External links

Princes of Wales

HRH The Prince Charles, Prince of Wales (1958–Present) Edward II (1301–1307) · Edward, the Black Prince (1343–1376) · Richard II (1376–1377) · Henry V (1399–1413) · Edward of Westminster (1454–1471) · Edward V (1471–1483) · Edward of Middleham (1483–1484) · Arthur Tudor (1489–1502) · Henry VIII (1504–1509) · Edward VI (1537–1547) · Henry Frederick Stuart (1610–1612) · Charles I (1616–1625) · Charles II (1641–1649) · James Francis Edward Stuart (1688) · George II (1714–1727) · Prince Frederick (1729–1751) · George III (1751–1760) · George IV (1762–1820) · Edward VII (1841–1901) · George V (1901–1910) · Edward VIII (1910–1936)
British royal titles
Duke of Lancaster · Duke of Edinburgh · Prince & Princess of Wales, Duke & Duchess of Cornwall, Duke & Duchess of Rothesay · Duke & Duchess of York · Duke of Albany · Duke of Gloucester · Duke of Kent · Duke of Windsor · Duke of Clarence · Duke of Cambridge · Duke of Cumberland · Duke of Connaught and Strathearn · Duke of Sussex · Earl of Wessex · Princess Royal

Categories: Princes of Wales | Welsh monarchs | Princes of England | Princes of Great Britain | Princes of the United Kingdom | Heirs to the throne | Succession to the British crown

 

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